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Steganography Technology

Admin — Thu, 11 Mar 2010 04:35:18 +0000

Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one, apart from the sender and intended recipient, suspects the existence of the message, a form of security through obscurity. The word steganography is of Greek origin and means “concealed writing” from the greek words steganos meaning covered or protected, and graphein (???????) meaning to write. The first recorded use of the term was in 1499 by Johannes Trithemius in his Steganographia, a treatise on cryptography and steganography disguised as a book on magic. Generally, messages will appear to be something else: images, articles, shopping lists, or some other covertext and, classically, the hidden message may be in invisible ink between the visible lines of a private letter.

The advantage of steganography, over cryptography alone, is that messages do not attract attention to themselves. Plainly visible encrypted messages—no matter how unbreakable—will arouse suspicion, and may in themselves be incriminating in countries where encryption is illegal.[1] Therefore, whereas cryptography protects the contents of a message, steganography can be said to protect both messages and communicating parties.

Steganography includes the concealment of information within computer files. In digital steganography, electronic communications may include steganographic coding inside of a transport layer, such as a document file, image file, program or protocol. Media files are ideal for steganographic transmission because of their large size. As a simple example, a sender might start with an innocuous image file and adjust the color of every 100th pixel to correspond to a letter in the alphabet, a change so subtle that someone not specifically looking for it is unlikely to notice it.

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Blue Ray Disk – BRD

Admin — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:16:28 +0000

Blu-ray, also known as Blu-ray Disc (BRD), is the name of a next-generation optical disc format jointly developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association (BDA), a group of the world’s leading consumer electronics, personal computer and media manufacturers (including Apple, Dell, Hitachi, HP, JVC, LG, Mitsubishi, Panasonic, Pioneer, Philips, Samsung, Sharp, Sony, TDK and Thomson).

The format was developed to enable recording, rewriting and playback of high-definition video (HD), as well as storing large amounts of data. The format offers more than five times the storage capacity of traditional DVDs and can hold up to 25GB on a single-layer disc and 50GB on a dual-layer disc. This extra capacity combined with the use of advanced video and audio codecs will offer consumers an unprecedented HD experience. While current optical disc technologies such as DVD, DVD±R, DVD±RW, and DVD-RAM rely on a red laser to read and write data, the new format uses a blue-violet laser instead, hence the name Blu-ray.

Despite the different type of lasers used, Blu-ray products can easily be made backwards compatible with CDs and DVDs through the use of a BD/DVD/CD compatible optical pickup unit. The benefit of using a blue-violet laser (405nm) is that it has a shorter wavelength than a red laser (650nm), which makes it possible to focus the laser spot with even greater precision. This allows data to be packed more tightly and stored in less space, so it’s possible to fit more data on the disc even though it’s the same size as a CD/DVD. This together with the change of numerical aperture to 0.85 is what enables Blu-ray Discs to hold 25GB/50GB.

Topics covered in this Blue Ray Disk Seminar Report are:

What is Blu-ray
How fast you can read/write on BRD
What will Blu Ray Product’s cost
Blu Ray Discs V/S DVDs
Blu Rau Discs V/S HD DVDs
Blu Ray Movies
The history of CD
Blu Ray Disc Format
Main Formats
Supporting Blu-Ray and HD-DVD

Download :: Full Seminar report on BRD ( Blue Ray Disc)

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Biometrics Security System

Admin — Sun, 11 Oct 2009 08:17:28 +0000

BIO=Pertaining to biology; MATRICS=Science and art of measurement.
The term ‘biometrics’ is used to refer to any and all of a variety of identification techniques which are based on some physical and difficult-to-alienate characteristic.
Today, the science of biometric technology refers to the “automated” methods used to recognize a person based upon physiological or behavioral characteristics.
Biometric technologies are becoming the foundation of an extensive array of highly secure identification and personal verification solutions.
Biometrics is a modern technological field that focuses on identifying an individual through his or her unique physical traits.
A biometric is a measurable, physical characteristic or personal behavioral trait used to recognize the identity or verify the claimed identity of an enrolled user.
Biometrics is automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic.

Physiological techniques include fingerprint recognition, retinal and iris scanning, facial recognition, hand and finger geometry and DNA analysis.
Behavioral techniques include handwriting recognition, voice or speech recognition, gait, and keystroke dynamics.
In all automated systems, the fundamental operational steps are:
1. Capture: The biometric data is captured, digitized and entered into a database.
2. Extraction: A template is created using this measurable unique data.
3. Comparison: The template is compared with a new sample.
4. Match/Non-Match: The existing template matches the new sample or it does not.
The goal of most automated biometric ID systems is one of two outcomes:
1. Verification: Is the person who the they claim to be?
2. Identification or recognition: Who is this? Is the person already known to the
system under a different identity?

“Only biometrics can identify you as you [Not Password].”

Download Full Seminar Report on Biometrics Security.

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Multi Core Processors

Admin — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 13:11:06 +0000

Computer processor design has evolved at a constant pace for the last 20 years. The proliferation of computers into the mass market and the tasks we ask of them continue to push the need for more powerful processors. The market requirement for higher performing processors is linked to the demand for more sophisticated software applications. E-mail, for instance, which is now used globally, was only a limited and expensive technology 10 years ago. Today, software applications span everything from helping large corporations better manage and protect their business-critical data and networks to allowing PCs in the home to edit home videos, manipulate digital photographs, and burn downloaded music to CDs.
Tomorrow, software applications might create real-world simulations that are so vivid it will be difficult for people to know if they are looking at a computer monitor or out the window; however, advancements like this will only come with significant performance increases from readily available and inexpensive computer technologies.

Multi-core processors represent a major evolution in computing technology.

This important the benefits offered by these development is coming at a time when businesses and consumers are beginning to require processors due to the exponential growth of digital data and the globalization of the Internet. Multi-core processors will eventually become the pervasive computing model because they offer performance and productivity benefits beyond the capabilities of today’s single-core processors.

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Holographic Memory (Next Generation of Storage)

Admin — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 05:36:56 +0000

Imagine being able to record 100 movies on a disk the size of a CD – - or one day recording the contents of the Library of Congress on such a disk. These are the promises of holographic data storage.

Holography enables storage densities that can far surpass the super paramagnetic and diffraction limits of traditional magnetic and optical recording. Holography can break through these density limits because it goes beyond the two-dimensional approaches of conventional storage technologies to write data in three dimensions. In addition, unlike conventional technologies which record data bit by bit, holography allows million bits of data to be written and read out in single flashes of light, enabling data transfer rates as high as a billion bits per second (fast enough to transfer a DVD movie in about 30 seconds). Holography stacks information throughout the thickness of a storage medium, instead of just writing it to the surface.

With its powerful combination of high storage densities and rapid data transfer rates, holography stands poised to become a compelling choice for next-generation storage needs. Days are not far, isn’t it?

Download Full Report on Holographic Memory here.

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Blue Eye Technology

Admin — Thu, 08 Oct 2009 03:42:02 +0000

Blue eyes technology seminar for final year engineering students.

Ever think your computer might one day pester you with messages of love or take up arms in a fit of rage over your insensitivity?

If researchers at IBM’s Almaden Research Center here are to be believed, we could then soon see computers that actually know you hate them, or in turn appreciate them for a job well done. Their initiative to make this happen: the Blue Eyes research project currently being implemented by the center’s user systems ergonomic research group (User). Blue Eyes seeks attentive omputation by integrating perceptual abilities to computers wherein non-obtrusive sensing technology, such as video cameras and microphones, are used to identify and observe your actions.

This seminar topic on blue eyes technology is very demanding amongst the final year engineering students. You can present your report on this topic.

As you walk by the computer screen, for example, the camera would immediately “sense” your presence and automatically turn on room lights, the television, or radio while popping up your favorite Internet website on the display. Part of this project is not only teaching computers how to sense or perceive user action. They are also being programmed to know how users feel–depressed, ecstatic, bored, mused, or anxious–and make a corresponding response. Computers can, on their own, play a funny Flash animation feature to entertain its “master” if it notices a sad look on his or her face.

Voice or sound capabilities can also be integrated, with the computer “talking” to his user about the task at hand or simply acknowledging a command with a respectful, “yes, sir.” In these cases, the computer extracts key nformation, such as where the user is looking, what he or she is saying or gesturing or how the subject’s emotions are evident with a grip on the pointing device.

Download full seminar report on Blue Eye Technolgy.

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Nano Computer Technology

Admin — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 10:44:04 +0000

The computer has already gone through a dynamic revolution. Thirty years ago, computers were the size of a room and incredibly slow. Few people probably would have imagined supercomputers that can do over a trillion calculations per second. Today, he average person’s desktop computer is more powerful than the fastest computers were 30 years ago. The only way this can continue is if a new type of computer is developed. his computer is known as a nano computer. It may one day replace the modern computer due to many economic and scientific constraints that will one day halt the odern computer’s advancement.

The constraints for computers come from the circuits that form them. The most important component of a computer is its “brain”, commonly referred to as the central processing unit. Computer chip manufacturers, such as Intel, spend billions of ollars to build plants and do research that will allow these chips to shrink in size. However, the costs of research and plants are increasing at a substantial rate. Once the omponents of these chips come close to the size of atoms, the costs to build plants may be in the trillions of dollars (Ellis). What’s worse is nothing can become smaller than an tom, so advances in computer speed will not be possible. However, two upsides do exist. Scientists estimate the end will come around the year 2010, and scientists are orking on developing a nano computer (Markoff).

The earliest computers, built in the middle of the 20th century, used vacuum tubes for switching. These machines were so massive and bulky, and demanded so much electricity to operate, that they required buildings and power plants of their own. In addition ,they used more processing power as well as much more energy . So,Scientists needed to shrink computers to make them more powerful.as The smaller an electronic ystem can be made, the more processing power can fit into a given physical volume, the less energy is required to run it, and the faster it can work (because distances among components are reduced, minimizing charge-carrier transit time).

Download Full seminar report on Nano computers & Nano Technology.

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DNA Computers – Seminar Report

Admin — Sun, 27 Sep 2009 08:07:40 +0000

DNA Computer can store billions of times more information then your PC hard drive and solve complex problems in a less time.We know that computer chip manufacturers are racing to make the next microprocessor that will more faster. icroprocessors made of silicon will eventually reach their limits of speed and miniaturization. Chips makers need a new material to produce faster computing speeds.

To understand DNA computing lets first examine how the conventional computer process information. A conventional computer performs mathematical operations by using electrical impulses to manipulate zeroes and ones on silicon chips. A NA computer is based on the fact the information is “encoded” within deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as as patterns of molecules known as nucleotides. By anipulating the how the nucleotides combine with each other the DNA computer can be made to process data. The branch of computers dealing with DNA computers is called NA Computing.

The concept of DNA computing was born in 1993, when Professor Leonard Adleman, a mathematician specializing in computer science and cryptography accidentally stumbled upon the similarities between conventional computers and DNA hile reading a book by James Watson. A little more than a year after this, In 1994, Leonard M. Adleman, a professor at the University of Southern California, created a torm of excitement in the computing world when he announced that he had solved a famous computation problem. This computer solved the traveling salesman problem also nown as the “Hamiltonian path” problem,which is explained later. DNA was shown to have massively parallel processing capabilities that might allow a DNA based computer o solve hard computational problems in a reasonable amount of time.

There was nothing remarkable about the problem itself, which dealt with finding the shortest route through a series of points. Nor was there anything special about how long it took Adleman to solve it — seven days — substantially greater than the few inutes it would take an average person to find a solution. What was exciting about Adleman’s achievement was that he had solved the problem using nothing but eoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and molecular chemistry.

Download full seminar report on DNA Computers (Computer engineering).

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MIS – Management Information System

Admin — Sun, 27 Sep 2009 08:05:30 +0000

A management information system (MIS) is a system or process that provides the information necessary to manage an organization effectively. MIS and the information it generates are generally considered essential components of prudent and reasonable business decisions.
The importance of maintaining a consistent approach to the development, use, and review of MIS systems within the institution must be an ongoing concern of both bank management and OCC examiners. MIS should have a clearly defined framework of guidelines, policies or practices, standards, and procedures for the organization. These should be followed throughout the institution in the development, maintenance, and use of all MIS.
MIS is viewed and used at many levels by management. It should be supportive of the institution’s longer-term strategic goals and objectives. To the other extreme it is also those everyday financial accounting systems that are used to ensure basic control is maintained over financial record keeping activities.

Download full MIS Report here

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Wi-Max Technology

Admin — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 13:20:23 +0000

Wi-MAX stands for “worldwide interoperability of microwave access” and is a standards-based wireless technology that provides high-throughput broadband connections over long distances. Its applications, includes ‘last mile’ broadband connections, ‘hotspot and cellular backhaul’, and ‘high-speed enterprise connectivity’ for businesses.

An implementation of the IEEE 802.16 standard, Wi-Max provides metropolitan area network connectivity at speeds up to 75 Mb/sec. It operates on the synonymous general principles as Wi-Fi and consigns data from one computer to another via radio signals.

Wi-Max systems ‘first and foremost’ consist of a Wi-Max tower which can provide coverage to a gargantuan area of 3,000 square miles (~8,000 square km) by using an encrypted data keys to prevent unauthorized users from stealing access and a Wi-Max receiver including a receiver and an antenna in a small box or PCMCIA car.

Topics covered in this Wi-Max Seminar report are :

Microwave
Local Access Challenges
The Solution
Where did the idea of WiMAX come from?
Why we require WiMax
TECHNICAL ADVANTAGES OVER WIFI
IEEE 802.16 STANDARDS
How WiMAX Works
WIMAX Applications

Download : Full Seminar report on Wi-Max

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