Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS)

We are poised in a revolution of microelectronics, which has dramatically reduced the cost and increased the capability of electronics. This has given much potential to prosper in the area of micro mechanics encompassing MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems). MEMS promises to revolutionize nearly every product category by bringing together silicon based microelectronics with micro machining technology, making possible the realization of complete systems on a chip.
The paper outlines the fabrication techniques, benefits, applications and challenges of MEMS. MEMS, often referred to as micro systems technology, are fabricated using modified silicon and non-silicon fabrication technology. It reduces cost and increases reliability of the system. MEMS–scale accelerometers, geophones and gyros are replacing some of the standard size precursors and are establishing new markets of their own. Commercial applications are inertial sensors, Power MEMS and RF switches. This technology is also used in industrial, consumer and auto motive marketing.

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Hybrid Vehicles

Have you pulled your car up to the gas pump lately and been shocked by the high price of gasoline? As the pump clicked past $20, $30, $40 or even $50, maybe you thought about trading in your car for something that gets better mileage. Or maybe you’re worried that your car is contributing to the greenhouse effect.

The auto industry has the technology to address these concerns. It’s the hybrid car. There are a lot of hybrid models on the market these days, and most automobile manufacturers have announced plans to manufacture their own versions.

How does a hybrid automobile work? What goes on under the hood to give you 20 or 30 more miles per gallon than the standard automobile? And does it pollute less just because it gets better gas mileage? In this article, we’ll help you understand how this technology works, and we’ll even give you some tips on how to drive a hybrid car for maximum efficiency.

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1. Hybrid Vehicles

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC or OTE[1]) is hydro energy conversion system which uses the temperature difference that exists between deep and shallow waters to run a heat engine. As with any heat engine, the greatest efficiency and power is produced with the largest temperature difference. This temperature difference generally increases with decreasing latitude, i.e. near the equator, in the tropics. Historically, the main technical challenge of OTEC was to generate significant amounts of power, efficiently, from this very small temperature ratio. Changes in efficiency of heat exchange in modern designs allow performance approaching the theoretical maximum efficiency.

The Earth’s oceans are continually heated by the sun and cover nearly 70% of the Earth’s surface; this temperature difference contains a vast amount of solar energy which can potentially be harnessed for human use. If this extraction could be made cost effective on a large scale, it could provide a source of renewable energy needed to deal with energy shortages, and other energy problems. The total energy available is one or two orders of magnitude higher than other ocean energy options such as wave power, but the small magnitude of the temperature difference makes energy extraction comparatively difficult and expensive, due to low thermal efficiency. Earlier OTEC systems had an overall efficiency of only 1 to 3% (the theoretical maximum efficiency lies between 6 and 7%[2]). Current designs under review will operate closer to the theoretical maximum efficiency. The energy carrier, seawater, is free, although it has an access cost associated with the pumping materials and pump energy costs. Although an OTEC plant operates at a low overall efficiency, it can be configured to operate continuously as a Base load power generation system. Any thorough Cost-benefit analysis should include these factors to provide an accurate assessment of performance, efficiency, operational and construction costs and returns on investment.

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1. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

Gear Manufacturing Process

Gears are extensively used for transmission of power. They find application in many cases like oil engines,geared motors etc.To get the complete project report click on the link below. This is mainly for Mechanical students but other can use to according to their branch.

Gear manufacturing is today a multi billion dollar industry. As the demands of this industry is growing manufacturers are now increasingly seeking machining tools and technology that can meet with the tough challenges. As in this increasingly globalized world order manufacturers need suppliers that has global resources for delivering state-of-the-art machines, tools etc. Gears are now produced in near-net shape, with a cut in production as well as labour costs and elimination or reduction of wastes. These are also impacting the gear manufacturers to have greater freedom in the choice of materials.

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1 . Gear Manufacturing Process
2.  Seminar report on Gear Manufacturing Process